| Buddhist Terms |
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Sanskrit |
saptatriṃśad-bodhi-pakṣikādharmāḥ ;
sapta-triṃśad-bodhi-pakṣyān dharmān ;
saptatriṃśat bodhipakṣika dharma
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Chinese |
三十七道品 ;
三十七菩提分法 ;
三十七品助道法 |
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English |
The Thirty-seven Aids to Enlightenment |
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Explanation |
The thirty-seven kinds of practices for the attainment of enlightenment, they
are:
The Four Bases of Mindfulness (四念處);
The Four Right Efforts (四正勤);
The Four Supernatural Abilities (四神足);
The Five Roots of Goodness (五根);
The Five Powers (五力);
The Seven Factors of Enlightenment (七覺支);
The Eightfold Holy Path (八聖道) |
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Sanskrit |
catvāri mahā-bhūtāni / mahā-bhūta / dhātu |
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Chinese |
四大 (Sei Dai) |
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English |
the four gross elements ;
the four great elements ;
the four greatnesses
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Explanation |
the basic elements that all substances are composed of. They are:
(1) 地 the earth element (Pṛthivī dhātu), which has the basic quality of hardness and the function of protection;
(2) 水 water (ab-dhātu), which has the function of gathering and storing wetness;
(3) 火 fire (teja-dhātu), which is the nature of heat and has the function of warming;
(4) 風 wind (vāyū-dhātu), which has the function of giving life to all living things. |
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Sanskrit |
catvāri-apramānāna |
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Chinese |
四無量心 (Sei Moe Leong Sum) |
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English |
the Four Immeasurable Minds |
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Explanation |
The Four Immeasurable Minds are:
benevolence (慈),
compassion (悲),
sympathetic joy (喜),
impartiality (舍) |
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Sanskrit |
catuḥ-saṃgraha-vastu ;
catuḥ-saṃgaraha-vastu ;
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Chinese |
四攝法 / 四攝事 (Sei Sip Faad / Sei Sip See) |
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English |
the four Dharmas of attraction ;
the four methods of winning (people) over
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Explanation |
The four methods that Bodhisattvas employ to approach and save living beings.
They are:
1. Giving (布施), giving the gift of Dharma or something that people like;
2. Using kind words (愛語);
3. Acting for the purpose of benefit to them (利行);
4. Physically working together with them (同事). |
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Sanskrit |
dvādaśa-astanga pratītyasamutpāda ;
dvādaśâṅgaḥ pratītya-samutpādaḥ ;
dvādaśa-nidāna ;
dvādaśa-pratītya-samutpāda |
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Chinese |
十二因緣 (Sup Yee Yun Yioon) |
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English |
the twelve interconnected causes ;
the twelve limbs of dependent origination |
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Explanation |
The twelve interconnected causes are:
1. non-brightness [ignorance] (無明);
2. action (行);
3. consciousness (識);
4. name and form (名色);
5. the six sense organs (六入);
6. touch (觸);
7. feel (受);
8. craving (愛);
9. grasping (取);
10. becoming (有);
11. birth (生);
12. aging and death (老死)
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Sanskrit |
danapati |
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Chinese |
檀越 (Taan Yiud) |
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English |
devoted donor; |
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Explanation |
A believer who supports the holy teachings and monks with his / her donation. |